.. _scales_manual:

Scales Manual
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**Introduction**

This manual briefly describes the theoretical background and development of all of the scales used in 
the Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) study. It also provides the relevant citations as well as the items 
belonging to the scales and the answer format, including the verbal anchors. 

The unique value of this manual lies in the presentation of each scale in the form of easy-to-understand 
tables listing variable names of the items in the scale in a wave-specific dataset (labels). This allows 
the individual items to be found and aggregated quickly. 

In addition, the tables in this manual include mean values (M), standard deviations (SD), corrected 
item-total correlations (CITC), and information as to whether the item has to be recoded before 
aggregation (R). The number of valid cases in the particular survey years, as well as two measures of 
reliability, the internal consistency (Cronbach’s Alpha) and test-retest correlations (if available), are 
also reported.

.. toctree::

	Affective Well-Being 
	Anomie 
	Basic Social Justice Orientations Scale
	Cognitive Competencies 
	Conspiracy Mentality
	Effort-Reward Imbalance Model 
	Impulsiveness & Patience 
	Life Goals 
	Life Satisfaction 
	Locus of Control 
	Loneliness
	Narcissistic Admiration and Rivalry Questionnaire Short Scale (NARQ-S)
	Optimism Pessimism – Attitudes toward the Future 
	Parenting Goals 
	Parenting Role 
	Parenting Style 
	Patient Health Questionnaire – 4 (PHQ-4)
	Personality – Big Five 
	Reciprocity 
	Risk Aversion 
	Self Esteem 
	Sources of Social Inequality 
	Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) 
	Supportive Parenting 
	Temperament 
	Tendency to Forgive 
	Trust, Trustworthiness, Fairness 
	Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales 



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